Most simply, deep learning is a specific method of machine learning, and it’s based primarily on the use of neural networks. A more formal definition of machine learning used at Intel is: “the construction and study of algorithms that can learn from data to make predictions or decisions. In general, AI is an umbrella term for a range of computer algorithms and approaches that allow machines to sense, reason, act and adapt like humans do – or in ways beyond our abilities. “During training, we pass data through the neural network, error-correct after each sample and iterate until the best network parametrization is achieved.”

Wired magazine declared “the end of code” in describing how machine learning is changing programming: “In traditional programming, an engineer writes explicit, step-by-step instructions for the computer to follow. After the network has been trained, the resulting architecture can be used for inference. With more layers, the program gets more refined in what it can categorize and more accurate in doing so – it just requires more and more data and more and more computing power.Work in AI dates back to at least the 1950s, followed since by several boom-and-bust cycles of research and investment.”

The neural network – technically an “artificial neural network” since it’s based on how we think the brain works – provides the math that makes it work.“Inference is the process of using the trained model to make predictions about data we have not previously seen,” wrote those savvy Intel folks.

Training and InferenceThere are two more quick concepts worth noting: training and inference.Artificial intelligence encapsulates a broad set of computer science for perception, logic and learning. Inference is how they run, to perform analysis or make decisions.Neural Networks and Deep LearningNeural networks and deep learning are very closely related and often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction.”Using machine learning, a major eye hospital in China was able to improve detection of potential causes of blindness, typically 70 to 80 per cent for clinicians, to 93 per cent. The human-like capabilities include things like apps that recognise your face in photos, robots that can navigate hotels and factory floors, and devices capable of having (somewhat) natural conversations with you. They train them. This is where the function that a consumer might see – Aier’s camera assessing the health of your eyes, Bing answering your questions or a drone that auto-magically steers around an obstacle – actually occurs.Machine LearningAI encompasses a whole set of different computing methods, a major subset of which is called “machine learning.The beyond-human functions could include identifying potentially dangerous storms before they form, predicting equipment failures before they happen, or detecting malware – tasks that are difficult, or impossible, for people to perform. Deep learning is among the most promising approaches to machine learning. There are four big reasons that we’re in a new AI spring today: more compute, more data, better algorithms and broad investment. “Rather than specifying the features in our data that we think will lead to the best classification accuracy,” they continued, “we let the machine find this information on its own. With machine learning, programmers don’t encode computers with instructions.”

In the software analogy, training is writing the program, while inference is using it. Often, it is able to look at the problem in a way that even an expert wouldn’t have been able to imagine. In other words, the machine gets smarter, and the more it “studies,” the smarter it gets. Training is how deep learning applications are “programmed” – feeding them more input and tuning them. “Deep” in deep learning delineates the use of a many-layered neural network.(source: Intel)Also published on Deccan Chronicle end-of Tags: artificial intelligence, machine learning. Artificial IntelligenceIntel Fellow Pradeep Dubey calls artificial intelligence “a simple vision where computers become indistinguishable between humans. “Training is the process by which our system finds patterns in data,” wrote the Intel AI team.The important part is this: The neural network allows the program to break a problem down into smaller and smaller – and therefore simpler and simpler – chunks.”And then there’s inference, which fits its dictionary definition to the letter: “The act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true.” As Intel’s Dubey explains it, machine learning “is a program where performance improves over time,” and that also gets better with more data input.

It uses algorithms based on neural networks – a way to connect inputs and outputs based on a model of how we think the brain works – that find the best way to solve problems by themselves, as opposed to by the programmer or scientist writing them.” It has also been defined as simply as “making sense of data,” which very much reflects how companies are using AI today.“In traditional supervised machine learning, systems require an expert to use his or her domain knowledge to specify the information (called features) in the input data that will best lead to a well-trained system,” wrote a team of Intel AI engineers and data scientists in a recent blog. One method of AI is machine learning – programs that perform better over time and with more data layer cake production line Suppliers input. Deep learning is different. Training is the part of machine learning in which you’re building your algorithm, shaping it with data to do what you want it to do

The machine Adolf Hitler used to send coded messages to his generals met the supercomputer that revealed its secrets on Friday as veterans operatives whose painstaking work helped end World War II watched.Margaret Bullen, who helped build Colossus, and veterans who fed encrypted German messages into the machine, including Irene Dixon, were also present for the viewing.

Hitler’s Lorenz machine boasted 1.” end-of Location: Canada, Ontario, London.“We said ‘Thank you very much, how much was it again ’ She said ‘£9.“Some of the Wrens did ask why it was so hot (close to the Colossus room), and some used to dry their washing next door,” recalled Dixon.He travelled to the southern English town of Southend and found the machine on the floor of a shed, covered “with rubbish”. It had helped the Allies confirm that Hitler mistakenly believed the D-Day landings would target Calais, which may have shortened the war by two years.“Hitler would’ve been furious if he had known, we were decrypting the messages even before his generals were”. ‘Impossible task’ It was only decades after the war that Dixon discovered she had been processing the most sensitive of information.

“The last 25 years, life has been Bletchley Park.Scientists at Bletchley Park in southern England, the WWII code breaking headquarters, fired up the valves, whirring wheels and spinning tors of the two machines to recreate how German military chiefs sent secret messages and how they were deciphered.Colossus is regarded as the world’s first programmable, electronic-digital computer, but was kept secret for decades, depriving its makers of due accolades.Dixon and other.

“Wrens” from the women’s branch of the Royal Navy were sworn to secrecy, and even other workers at Bletchley Park were unaware of the existence of the massive computer, which took up a whole room.The 10 Colossus machines are believed to have been destroyed in order to maintain secrecy, but late scientist Tony Sale dedicated his life to rebuilding one as part of efforts to protect the Bletchley Park complex from developers.Museum researcher John Wetter saw a “telegram machine” for sale on auction site eBay and realised it was actually a Lorenz teleprinter. The ingenuity of engineer Tommy Flowers, scientists were able to deduce how the machine operated and then build a machine to work out the settings of Lorenz’s rotors.

“I’m glad that my late husband’s dream is being carried forward,” his wife Margaret told AFP.“We found out we were intercepting coded messages sent by Hitler to his generals,” she told AFP. Quite a lot of people said it was an impossible task.The main Lorenz cypher machine is on loan from the Norwegian Armed Forces Museum China Double-action and two-speed flour mixer Factory in Oslo, but the special keyboard used to send the message to the rotors is a recent discovery.6 million-billion possible coding combinations thanks to a series of 12 rotors, a million times more complex than the Enigma machine

Testing strategies for reducing rates Automatic Cookie Making Machine Factory of household food insecurity will be important, Tait said, citing the Ontario Basic Income Pilot as an example of such a strategy. Food-insecure adults were also more likely to be smokers, less physically active and obese. This is particularly relevant given Statistics Canada’s decision to make food insecurity measurement optional at the provincial-level as of 2013, which may be a missed opportunity moving forward, he added. “What I have seen in my practice in the South Bronx, located in the second poorest congressional district in the U. When researchers accounted for obesity, the diabetes risk was still two-fold higher with food insecurity.

Also, he said, efforts are needed to meaningfully address the broader systemic factors that shape food environments, access and availability.Tait, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, and colleagues analyzed data from a 2004 national health survey.Household food insecurity is defined as having uncertain or insufficient food access due to limited financial resources.S. 

“Our findings also emphasize the need to continue to monitor this important marker of economic deprivation.It’s well known that high and frequent intake of fast foods and processed foods are related to increased risk of obesity, unhealthy blood fat levels and diabetes type 2, among other diseases, said Sandra Arevalo, director of nutrition services and community outreach at Community Pediatrics, a program of Montefiore and The Children’s Health Fund in New York City. and working with the NYC homeless, is that people who are food insecure consume more foods with low nutritional value, which are more affordable,” said Arevalo, who wasn’t involved in the current study. “Healthier foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, low-fat milk, lean cuts of meat and low-sodium foods should be subsidized as a measure to prevent the increasing incidence of diabetes type 2 and to support diabetes control among patients,” she said.

Those who were food-insecure had 2.The findings speak to the importance of understanding the health burden associated with food insecurity, which has been steadily increasing in Canada over the past decade, Tait said.By the end of the follow-up period, 577 participants had developed type 2 diabetes. Survey participants were representative of 98 percent of the Canadian population, and the analysis focused on 4,739 men and women over age 18, including 277 who were classified as food insecure. Being on a limited budget may result in having to rely on cheaper, high-calorie foods that contribute to weight gain and the risk of chronic disease, the authors write.People who were food insecure at the time of the original survey tended to be younger, female, non-white, lower in income and had lower-quality diets compared to food-secure individuals. “Increasingly, food insecurity is being recognized as a significant social and health problem in Canada, but there isn’t a great deal of evidence that has linked food insecurity to the risk of future chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes,” lead author Christopher Tait told Reuters Health in an email.

To reduce the burden of diabetes on individuals and the national healthcare system, policymakers should consider intervening in this pathway early by reducing food insecurity, the study team urges in the journal PLOS ONE.The study team also matched these people to a national database of people diagnosed with diabetes through 2016, making for an average of nearly 12 years of follow-up. Early breakfast is important for people with type 2 diabetesSedentary lifestyles more harmful if type 2 diabetes in the family: studyStudy says High-Fiber diet may help gut bacteria fight type 2 diabetes.People who cannot afford to eat regularly or to eat a healthy diet have more than double the average risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a study suggests.More diabetes prevention programs and diabetes self-management education that includes points for selecting healthier foods, shopping tips to save money, meal planning, and cooking classes are needed, Arevalo added

The regulator is responsible for domestic regulation of food as well regulation of imported food in the country. Two new large food labs are under development in Chennai and JNPT, Mumbai. Globally, food control systems in advanced nations have much more staff and resources.For instance, the United States has a staff of 14,200 in its two agencies, the USDA and FDA to look after food safety and Canada has over 4,000 staff in its food safety inspection services. In addition, 74 new posts of Central Food Safety Officers have been created. Thanking the government for creation of these posts, FSSAICEO Pawan Agarwal termed it as a "big milestone in the evolution of food safety system in the country".The authority was established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 that unified nine existing regulations through this umbrella legislation.

Through food safety training and certification (FoSTaC), a large scale training programme for food safety supervisors/handlers, more than 40,000 persons have been trained.It has been functioning with merely 356 sanctioned posts and most of its staff is on short-term contract or on deputation. end-of Tags: fssai, food regulator, nutritious food, food safety Location: India, Delhi, New Delhi.The regulator has launched many initiatives in the last few years. Currently, FSSAI has two large food labs in Kolkata, Ghaziabad and two small ones at Sanauli and Raxaul on Indo-Nepal border. and also Eat Right movement."

With this, FSSAI would now be able to handle food safety inspections and enforcement for Central licensees directly instead of entirely depending the states," FSSAI said.To ensure that the country has a modern and robust food control system, the government has created posts for new functional areas like social and behavioral change communication, training and capacity building and new technologies."Having dedicated staff for such activities will help FSSAI to institutionalise these activities for sustainable change on food safety and healthy nutrition," FSSAI said. In addition, FSSAI provides oversight for over 250 food labs notified by it. The FSSAI has headquarters in New Delhi and five regional offices at Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata and Guwahati."Compared to these numbers and international benchmarks in terms of the number of staff deployed in the food regulatory bodies of other countries, India has fewer staff for food safety," the statement said.

FSSAI said it will be able to attract a diverse talent pool with special skill sets required for multifarious activities that have been taken up in recent years. It has started the Safe and Nutritious Food (SNF) initiatives @ Home, School, Workplace etc.It also has offices at 20 ports of entry for checking imported food. Ministry of Health and Family has issued orders to create 493 additional posts for the authority, the FSSAI said in a statement.By more than doubling the staff strength of FSSAI, China Cookie Depositing Machine Factory the Centre has addressed one of the key concerns raised by the CAG in its performance report of FSSAI and also by the Parliamentary Standing Committee in its latest report, the statement said.With increased staff and resources, he said the FSSAI will be able to discharge its responsibility more effectively so as to inspire trust and assure safe and nutrition food for all citizens.

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), which currently has 356 sanctioned posts, will now be able to conduct food safety inspections, besides law enforcement for central licensees directly instead of being fully dependent on the states."A large majority of the newly created posts are for technical functions, particularly at the cutting edge, that of Technical Officers (255 posts) and Assistant Director Technical (60 posts), where the staff shortage is particularly acute," the statement said.New Delhi: With food regulator FSSAI facing manpower shortage, the government has sanctioned an additional 493 posts for the authority to discharge its responsibility effectively for ensuring safe and nutritious food to people